What do standardized achievement tests measure?

Standardized achievement tests are designed to assess students' knowledge and skills in specific subject areas, allowing for comparison against a defined larger group, such as a national or state average. These tests provide benchmark data that indicates how well an individual student performs relative to peers with similar demographic backgrounds. This aspect of measuring performance against a larger cohort is crucial for educators and policymakers as it helps identify trends in educational attainment, effectiveness of instructional practices, and areas where students may require additional support.

The other options, while important in the educational context, do not align with the primary purpose of standardized achievement tests. Individual student growth over time is often measured through different assessment strategies that focus on longitudinal data. Classroom behavior and participation are typically assessed through observational methods or informal assessments rather than standardized tests. Similarly, while the ability to follow instructions is essential for student success, it is not the primary focus of achievement tests, which aim to gauge academic knowledge and skills.