What term describes difficulties specifically related to reading?

The term that describes difficulties specifically related to reading is dyslexia. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects the ability to read fluently and accurately, often impacting decoding skills and reading comprehension. Individuals with dyslexia may have trouble recognizing words, decoding them, and may read at a slower pace than their peers.

This difficulty often stems from differences in how the brain processes written language, leading to challenges in phonological awareness, which is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structures of language. Thus, dyslexia is recognized as a neurobiological condition and is categorized as a specific learning disorder.

Other options represent different specific learning difficulties. Dysgraphia pertains to challenges with writing and fine motor skills, making it hard for individuals to express themselves through writing. Dyscalculia refers to difficulties with mathematics, encompassing problems with number sense, memorization of arithmetic facts, and accurate calculations. A fluency disorder generally relates to speech and communication, encompassing conditions such as stuttering, which affects the flow and rhythm of spoken language rather than reading.