What type of activity allows students to role-play in a real-world application of mathematical concepts?

Simulation is the correct choice for an activity that allows students to role-play in a real-world application of mathematical concepts. This method creates an immersive environment where students can engage with mathematical principles in a realistic context. For example, in a simulation related to budgeting, students might take on roles such as financial managers or business owners, and they would apply their knowledge of mathematics to make decisions about spending, saving, and investment.

Through simulations, learners can practice critical thinking and problem-solving skills while seeing the practical implications of mathematics. The experiential nature of simulations helps students internalize mathematical concepts as they navigate real-world scenarios, making the learning experience both interactive and applicable.

The other options each represent different instructional strategies but do not focus specifically on the interactive, real-world role-playing aspect provided by simulations. Role playing alone might not always utilize significant mathematical concepts, whereas case studies provide context but are generally less interactive. Problem-based learning focuses on solving complex, real-world problems but isn't inherently role-based like simulations.