Which activity is advised for improving a child's fluency in reading?

Controlled reading, both orally and silently, is highly effective for improving a child's fluency in reading because it allows students to engage with text in a structured manner. This approach promotes repeated exposure to familiar vocabulary and sentence structures, which helps to increase reading speed and comprehension. When children read passages multiple times, they become more fluent as they internalize the rhythm and pacing of the language, making it easier for them to read smoother and with appropriate expression.

Additionally, oral reading as part of controlled reading can provide immediate feedback from educators or peers, which is essential for correcting mistakes and reinforcing correct pronunciation and intonation. Silent reading enhances this process by allowing students to practice independently, building their confidence and allowing them to focus on comprehension and retention of the material without the pressure of speaking aloud.

The other activities mentioned, like sound-manipulation, background knowledge utilization, and repetition of vowels and consonants, each play important roles in literacy development; however, they do not specifically target the fluency component as effectively as controlled reading does. The goal of fluency is to read accurately, quickly, and smoothly, which aligns closely with the practice of controlled reading techniques.