Which assessment type measures a student’s performance against a predetermined standard?

Criterion-referenced tests are designed specifically to measure a student's performance against a predetermined standard or benchmark. This type of assessment focuses on whether a student has attained specific knowledge or skills, as defined by the criteria established for that assessment. For example, in an educational setting, a state test that evaluates whether students meet specific learning goals in a subject area is a criterion-referenced test.

This approach contrasts with norm-referenced tests, which compare an individual’s performance to that of a larger group to determine relative performance. Instead of measuring how well a student performs in relation to their peers, criterion-referenced tests provide insight into what the student knows and can do based on established objectives.

Diagnostic probes offer more targeted insights into specific areas of need but do not assess performance against a broad standard. Similarly, an adaptive behavior inventory evaluates a student's social and practical skills in relation to their age and developmental stage, rather than against predetermined academic standards.

In summary, criterion-referenced tests are essential for assessing whether students meet the required competencies as set forth by educational standards, making them the most appropriate choice in this context.