Which assessment type provides insights into student strengths and weaknesses based on standard criteria?

Criterion-Referenced Tests are designed to measure student performance against a predefined set of standards or criteria, thus providing valuable insights into individual strengths and weaknesses. These assessments evaluate whether students have mastered specific skills or knowledge areas, allowing educators to identify which competencies a student has achieved and which ones need further development.

In contrast, Norm-Referenced Tests compare a student's performance to that of a larger group (the norm group), making it more difficult to determine individual strengths and weaknesses in relation to specific learning objectives. Portfolio assessments involve the collection of a variety of student work over time, which reflects growth but may not align with standard criteria as effectively. Anecdotal records consist of informal observations and are subjective, providing insights but lacking the systematic evaluation present in criterion-referenced assessments.