Which sampling method ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of selection?

Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the sample. This technique ensures that the sample is representative of the population, minimizing bias and allowing for generalizable results. By giving every individual an equal opportunity to be picked, random sampling helps researchers draw more accurate conclusions about the larger group based on the selected sample.

In contrast, stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and selecting samples from each, systematic sampling selects individuals based on a fixed interval from a randomly ordered list, and cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters. While all of these methods have their purposes and can effectively gather data, they do not provide the same equal chance of selection that random sampling guarantees.